Obesity is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Increasing aerobic capacity VO2max reduces adiposity, maintains weight, and reduces the risk of developing obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Two major determinants of aerobic capacity are the metabolic properties specific to a particular muscle fiber type and the capacity of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver nutrient-rich content to the muscle.
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Biological differences exist in the body composition of blacks and whites. We reviewed literature on the differences and similarities between the 2 races relative to fat-free body mass water, mineral, and protein , fat patterning, and body dimensions and proportions. In general, blacks have a greater bone mineral density and body protein content than do whites, resulting in a greater fat-free body density. Additionally, there are racial differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat and the length of the limbs relative to the trunk. The possibility that these differences are a result of ethnicity rather than of race is also examined. Because most equations that predict relative body fat were derived from predominantly white samples, biological variation between the races in these body-composition indexes has practical significance. Systematic error can result in the inaccurate estimation of the relative body fat of blacks, and therefore of definitions of obesity, if these inherent differences are ignored. Traditionally, the classic 2-component models of Siri 1 and Brozek et al 2 , which separate the body into fat and fat-free components, have been used to obtain reference measures of body composition. The fat-free body FFB can be further subdivided into water, protein, and mineral components. This chemical model relies on several assumptions: 1 that the density of fat is 0.
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